教孩子關心, 詩書坊

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教孩子關心

教孩子關心
作者 吳蓓譯
中文說明 

摘自本書推薦序  一顆關懷的心

如果我們不關心的話,為什麼孩子應該關心呢?關心很重要。我想要看見老師和學習者進入一些非常基本的人類需求的對話(在我們的學校裡不會被滿足的需求,例如:愛)。這是真的:愛會把方法打敗!
  我認為所有在教育中的我們,應該要把我們對於教與學的完整討論,放進一個比較大的關懷架構裡。全國性的教育期刊充滿了「關心」的重要性。這個年度的全國老師在提到改變他的生活的老師時,說得最好:「他在上課第一天時,把他的手放在我的肩膀上,我的心靈整個燃燒了起來。」(Hanson,1994,pp.A1,A11)

 

摘自本書內文P71

課室管理的過程是以「孩子需要被看見,才能有安全感」的假設為基礎,我們可能會實際上看見孩子,觀察到他們如何做事情,和他們所做的事情,但是,我們也會「看見」更多象徵性的事情,在前六週的時間哩,我們開始認識新的孩子,或者我們再依次熟悉我們已經知道的孩子,利用正向的語言,對孩子所做的事情表達意見,我們就能讓孩子知道,我們看見了他們在做什麼,我們給予孩子安全感,而這個安全感來自孩子知道我們將他們視為獨立的個體,以及團體中的一份子,然後,我們致力於「看見每件事情」,延伸超越我們眼界的安全感。

我們清楚說明了我們的期望,並確定孩子知道和了解如何運用它們,當孩子開始內化正向的期望時,他們稍後就能自由的在一個促進獨立和責任的氣氛中學習。

我把一整年分為三個階段。階段一建立對於全班例行工作和團體合作的期望。例如:團體活動、規則、靜止等活動;階段二把焦點放在小組工作和離開老師的獨立工作上;階段三在接下來一整年的時間裡,讓孩子接受全且深具挑戰的學科學時,強調獨立和責任。

 

摘自本書內文P43

*圍圈圈

我們將到戶外,進行一個團體遊戲,一星期一天,我給這個班級兩個只是:「我希望你們到戶外草地上時,能手牽著手,圍成一個圓圈,我會算算看你們多快能完成。」很奇怪,我們發現年紀越大的孩子,越不容易完成,我已經做好要有耐心的準備了。

  我走在隊伍的後面,孩子們在我的前面,他們到了草地上,變成了鬆散的隊伍,有些人手牽著手,而有些人跑著尋找「正確的」手,我數「1…2…3」,傑得不要牽女生的手,瑪蒂想要找他最好朋友的手,「18…19」,山姆想要探索手臂的長度,直到手抽筋和發抖為止,「35…36…」,有一個手牽著手集合的一群,一個不算圓的圓形。我仍然在計數,他們的臉看起來很迷惑,如果他們的都握著手,我為什麼還要數呢?

「這看起來像你們知道的圓形嗎?」我問。「你們要如何讓它變成圓形?」有些人往外移動,有些人往裡面移動。回到數數,大約五分鐘之後,他們在一個圓形哩,手牽著手站立不動,他們執行了簡單的指示。

  「嗯」,我說:「你們做到了,數到250,很長的時間,我希望你們在數到20的時候,就能做好。去年搬及的記錄是10,我注意到你們有些人很快就牽起手,有些人靜靜站著並耐心等待,有些人幫忙創造一個圓形,讓我們看看,這一次每個人都要幫忙喔!我會說『解散』,當我做出集合的信號時,我期待你們能圍成一個圓圈並手牽著手,二十秒鐘!解散!」

這個技巧傳遞了一個氣氛,老師是否說話算話?他是否關心事情如何完成,而不只是它完成了沒有?他是否期望關心和友善的對待他人,例如:不要拒絕何不同性別的同學握手,或是只握自己朋友的手?如果所有的孩子被期待握所有的手,那麼我們所傳遞的訊息就是:在這個教室中,我們都對彼此友善。

這個過程也強化了行為需要被教導和學習的信念,而且學習它們絕對不會浪費時間。雖然順利的轉換時間、「好的圓圈」、安靜的排隊,或是有回應的班會,不會在第一次就發生,但是下一次,它們會變得比較好,到了第三次,它們會變得更好。

 

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